Different types of colorful sea urchins and their spines.. The very rare purple club-spined or artichoke urchin (Echinus atratus), round urchin (Echinus globiformis), Cidarites imperialis, Scutella radiata, Scutella quinquefora.. Handcolored engraving by Dujardin from Charles d'Orbigny's "Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle" (Universal Dictionary of Natural History) 1849. Charles d'Orbigny (1806~76) was a French naturalist. His father Charles Marie was a doctor in the French army and his elder brother Alcide was a famous naturalist and paleontologist. Charles started his studies at La Rochelle then left to study medicine in Paris. In 1834, he won an appointment in the geology department at the National Museum of Natural History. From 1837 to 1864 he headed the department of natural history, until ill health forced him to quit. He died in Paris on Feb. 14, 1876.